Uburyo bwo gushushanya ububiko bukonje

Ububiko bukonje ni uruganda rukoresha ingufu nyinshi mu nganda zitunganya no kubika ibiribwa mu buryo bukonje. Ingufu zikoreshwa mu bubiko bukonje zigize hafi 30% by'ububiko bwose bukonje. Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bw'inyubako zimwe na zimwe zikonjesha mu bushyuhe buke ni zigera kuri 50% by'umutwaro wose w'ibikoresho bikonjesha. Kugira ngo ugabanye igihombo cy'ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha cy'inyubako ikonjesha, icy'ingenzi ni ugushyiraho neza urwego rw'ubushyuhe bw'inyubako ikonjesha.

01. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'urwego rwo gukingira ibidukikije rw'aho kubika ibintu bikonjesha biherereye gikwiye

Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu gukingira amashanyarazi n'ubugari bwabyo ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe, kandi igishushanyo mbonera cy'umushinga wo gukingira amashanyarazi ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kigira ingaruka ku kiguzi cy'ubuhanga mu by'ubwubatsi. Nubwo igishushanyo mbonera cy'icyuma gikingira amashanyarazi gikonjesha kigomba gusesengurwa no kugenwa hakurikijwe imiterere ya tekiniki n'ubukungu, imyitozo yagaragaje ko "ubwiza" bw'ibikoresho bikingira amashanyarazi bugomba guhabwa umwanya wa mbere, hanyuma "igiciro gito". Ntitugomba kureba gusa inyungu zihuse zo kuzigama ishoramari rya mbere, ahubwo tunatekereze ku kuzigama ingufu mu gihe kirekire no kugabanya ikoreshwa.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ububiko bwinshi bw’ibikoresho bikonjesha byakozwe kandi byubatswe hakoreshejwe polyurethane ihamye (PUR) na polystyrene XPS yoherejwe mu buryo bwo gukingira [2]. Ukoresheje ibyiza byo gukingira ubushyuhe bya PUR na XPS hamwe n’agaciro ka D gakomeye k’ubushyuhe bw’imiterere y’amatafari na sima, imiterere y’icyuma cy’ubwoko bwa sivili ifite ibara rimwe n’uruhande rumwe ni uburyo bwiza bwo kubaka urwego rwo gukingira ubushyuhe rw’inyubako yo gukingira ubushyuhe.

Uburyo bwihariye ni ubu: gukoresha urukuta rwo hanze rwubatswe n'amatafari na sima, gukora urwego rw'imyotsi n'ubushuhe nyuma yo gusimbuza sima, hanyuma gukora urwego rw'imyotsi rwa polyurethane imbere. Ku bijyanye no kuvugurura cyane ububiko busanzwe bukonje, iki ni igisubizo cyo kuzigama ingufu mu nyubako gikwiye kunozwa.

02. Igishushanyo n'imiterere y'imiyoboro y'ibikorwa:

Ntibishoboka ko imiyoboro ikoresha ibyuma bikonjesha n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi inyura mu rukuta rwo hanze rutetse. Buri gice cyo kwambukiraho cyiyongereyeho kimwe no gufungura icyuho cy'inyongera mu rukuta rwo hanze rutetse, kandi gutunganya biragoye, imirimo yo kubaka iragoye, ndetse bishobora no gusiga ingaruka zihishe ku bwiza bw'umushinga. Kubwibyo, mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'imiyoboro n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiyoboro, umubare w'imyobo inyura mu rukuta rwo hanze rutetse ugomba kugabanuka uko bishoboka kose, kandi imiterere y'imyobo ku rukuta igomba gufatwa neza.

03. Kuzigama ingufu mu miterere n'imicungire y'inzugi zo kubikamo ibintu bikonje:

Urugi rw'ububiko bukonje ni kimwe mu bikoresho bifasha mu kubika ibintu bikonje kandi ni igice cy'ububiko bukonje bukunze kwibasirwa n'ubukonje. Dukurikije amakuru afatika, urugi rw'ububiko bukonje rw'ububiko bukonje rufungura amasaha 4 mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwa 34 ℃ hanze y'ububiko na -20 ℃ imbere mu bubiko, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bugera kuri 1 088 kcal/h.

Ububiko bukonje buba ahantu hari ubushyuhe buke n'ubushuhe bwinshi ndetse n'impinduka zikunze kubaho mu bushyuhe n'ubushuhe umwaka wose. Itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'imbere n'inyuma y'ububiko burimo ubushyuhe buke akenshi riba hagati ya dogere 40 na 60. Iyo umuryango ufunguwe, umwuka uri hanze y'ububiko uzagera mu bubiko kuko ubushyuhe bw'umwuka uri hanze y'ububiko buri hejuru kandi umuvuduko w'umwuka w'amazi uri hejuru, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw'umwuka uri imbere mu bubiko buri hasi kandi umuvuduko w'umwuka w'amazi uri hasi.

Iyo umwuka ushyushye ufite ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje bwinshi hanze y'ububiko winjiye mu bubiko unyuze mu muryango w'ububiko bukonje, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe birushaho kongera ubukonje bw'umuyoboro w'umwuka ushyushya cyangwa usohora umwuka, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo guhumeka bugabanuka, bityo bigatuma ubushyuhe buhindagurika mu bubiko kandi bikagira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bibitswe.

Ingamba zo kugabanya ingufu ku nzugi zo kubikamo ibintu bikonje zirimo ahanini:

① Ubuso bw'urugi rwo kubikamo ibintu bikonje bugomba kugabanywa mu gihe cyo gushushanya, cyane cyane uburebure bw'urugi rwo kubikamo ibintu bikonje bugomba kugabanuka, kuko igihombo cy'ubukonje mu cyerekezo cy'uburebure bw'urugi rwo kubikamo ibintu bikonje ari kinini cyane kuruta icyo mu cyerekezo cy'ubugari. Mu gihe cyo kwemeza uburebure bw'ibicuruzwa byinjira, hitamo igipimo gikwiye cy'uburebure bw'urugi rwo gufungura n'ubugari bw'urugi rwo gufungura, kandi ugabanye ubuso bw'urugi rwo kubikamo ibintu bikonje kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza wo kuzigama ingufu;

② Iyo urugi rw'ububiko bukonje rufunguwe, igihombo cy'ubukonje gihwanye n'aho urugi rufunguye. Mu rwego rwo guhuza ingano y'ibicuruzwa byinjira n'ibisohoka, urwego rw'ubwikorezi bw'urugi rukonje rugomba kunozwa kandi urugi rukonje rugomba gufungwa ku gihe;

③ Shyiramo umwenda w'umwuka ukonje, hanyuma utangire akazi ko kuwukoresha mu gihe urugi rw'ububiko bukonje rufunguwe ukoresheje icyuma gifata inzira;

④ Shyiramo umwenda w’urugi rwa PVC woroshye mu rugi ruzunguruka rw’icyuma rufite ubushobozi bwo gushyushya neza. Uburyo bwihariye ni ubu: iyo uburebure bw’urugi buri munsi ya metero 2.2 kandi abantu n’amakamyo bikoreshwa mu kunyuramo, hashobora gukoreshwa uduce twa PVC tworoshye dufite ubugari bwa mm 200 n’ubugari bwa mm 3. Uko umuvuduko wo guhurira hagati y’uduce urushaho kuba mwinshi, ni ko byiza, ku buryo icyuho kiri hagati y’uduce gigabanuka; ku mfuruka z’inzugi zifite uburebure burenga metero 3.5, ubugari bw’uduce bushobora kuba mm 300 ~ 400.